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| Activated sludge method |
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| Activated sludge (clump of microorganisms) is used
to clean wastewater such as sewage and industrial effluent that contains a
substantial amount of organic matters. |
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| Air injection system |
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| A device that improves the clean performance of motorcycles.
It introduces external air to the exhaust gas from the engine’s combustion
chamber to incinerate unburned gas and reduce the amount of carbon monoxide
(CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs). |
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| CFC-12 and HFC-134a for automotive
air-conditioners |
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| CFC-12 used for automotive air-conditioners was found
to destroy the ozone layer, and its production and consumption were totally
banned in 1995. As an alternative, HFC-134a was developed. As HFC-134a is a
greenhouse gas, however, its alternative is now being developed. |
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| Club of Rome |
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| Formed in 1970, the Club of Rome is an international
private organization of scholars who study and comment on problems concerning
the livelihood of mankind. The Club of Rome revealed its report, Limits to
Growth, at the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm
Conference) in 1972, and warned that should the trend of population increase
and environmental deterioration continue, the earth’s growth will reach
its limits within 100 years. Since then, international efforts have been made
to reach “sustainable growth.” |
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| COP |
|
| Acronym for the Conference of the Parties to the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. In 1992, the United Nations
concluded the Framework Convention on Climate Change to promote the reduction
of greenhouse gas emissions as a step towards solving the global warming problem.
COP is an international conference where the signatories gather to discuss
specific measures. COP has met eight times as of November 2002. At a COP7,
held in Marrakech in Morocco, the Marrakech Accords were created, which set
the specific rules for implementing the Kyoto Protocol (Kyoto Mechanism). |
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| Cupola |
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| A casting furnace for melting steel for molding into
parts and others. The combustion gas that is produced when coke as fuel is
burned contains a minute amount of metallic powder and dust that are harmful
to the human body. The gas was one of the causes of air pollution in the years
of high economic growth in Japan (1960s, 1970s). Later, the problem was alleviated
with the development of the bag filter, a cloth bag that removes dust. |
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| Cutting fluid |
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| The liquid that is used in grinding or cutting materials
such as steel or aluminum with a machine tool to prevent wear and improve precision
of the work. |
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