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| Johannesburg Summit |
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| (World Summit on Sustainable Development) International
conference (“Rio + 10”) held in Johannesburg in South Africa in August
2002. Ten years after the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June
1992, the participants discussed the situation concerning the implementation
of Agenda 21 (the action plan made at the Earth Summit) and other issues that
have subsequently arisen. At the Johannesburg Summit, the Johannesburg Declaration
on Sustainable Development and an implementation plan detailing 152 specific
objectives, including the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol, were adopted.
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| LCA (Lifecycle Assessment) |
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| The technique of determining the total environmental
impacts of a product’s lifecycle (recovery of raw materials, production,
distribution, use (consumption), and disposal) by taking into account the amount
of resources and energy consumed and the amount of waste disposed. Due to the
wide acceptance of this concept, various segments of the industry are taking
active steps to reduce environmental impact in all stages of the lifecycle.
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| Lean burn |
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| An internal combustion method whereby the engine is run
on a lean air-fuel mixture (the fuel is proportionately lower to air than usual).
The air-fuel ratio (mass ratio of air to fuel) of gasoline engines is typically
about 1:15. Fuel efficiency can be improved and fuel consumption reduced by using
a leaner air-fuel ratio during low loads. |
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